What is the Clostridium difficile Toxin by PCR test?

The Clostridium difficile Toxin PCR test is a molecular stool test that detects the presence of toxin-producing genes (toxA/toxB) from Clostridium difficile. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technology amplifies bacterial DNA, making this test highly sensitive and specific.

Unlike culture alone, PCR confirms whether the strain present is capable of producing toxins that cause intestinal inflammation and colitis. This distinction is crucial, as some individuals may carry non-toxin-producing strains without symptoms.

The test is widely used in hospitals and specialist clinics for the rapid diagnosis of C. difficile infection (CDI).

Why do I need a C. difficile Toxin PCR test?

C. difficile infection can range from mild diarrhoea to severe, life-threatening colitis. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for prompt treatment and infection control.

You may need this test if you:

• Have persistent or severe diarrhoea
• Developed diarrhoea after antibiotic use
• Have diarrhoea during or after hospital stay
• Have abdominal pain or cramping
• Have fever with gastrointestinal symptoms
• Have suspected antibiotic-associated colitis
• Have recurrent diarrhoea after prior C. difficile infection

Common symptoms of C. difficile infection include:

• Watery diarrhoea
• Abdominal pain or tenderness
• Fever
• Nausea
• Dehydration
• Fatigue

Benefits of the C. difficile Toxin PCR test

• Highly sensitive and specific
  Detects toxin-producing strains accurately.
• Rapid diagnosis
  Faster than traditional culture methods.
• Confirms toxin production
  Differentiates infection from harmless colonisation.
• Supports early treatment decisions
  Enables prompt clinical intervention.
• Clinically recognised diagnostic method
  Used in NHS and private laboratories.
• Non-invasive sample
  Requires only a stool sample.
• Useful in recurrent infection monitoring
  Helps assess relapse or reinfection.
• Supports infection control
  Reduces spread in healthcare settings.

Step by step – how the test works

You can access C. difficile PCR testing UK-wide through two options:

1. Clinic appointment
   Collect a stool sample using the provided container and return it to your nearest clinic.
2. At-home testing
   Collect your stool sample at home following clear instructions and return it using secure packaging.

The sample is analysed in an accredited UK laboratory using PCR technology, and results are delivered securely.

Your results explained

Negative result

No toxin-producing C. difficile detected. Symptoms may be due to another cause.

Typical UK interpretation:

• C. difficile toxin genes not detected

Positive result

Toxin-producing C. difficile detected, consistent with active infection when symptoms are present.

Typical UK interpretation:

• C. difficile toxin genes detected

Clinical correlation required

A positive result must be interpreted alongside symptoms, as some individuals may carry the bacteria without disease.

Results should always be reviewed by a clinician.