An overview of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 swab Polymerase Chain Reaction test

The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 by Polymerase Chain Reaction (Swab) test is a molecular diagnostic test that detects viral DNA directly from a lesion, such as a blister, ulcer, or sore. Rather than measuring the immune response, this test identifies the presence of the virus itself, confirming current, active infection.

Polymerase Chain Reaction testing is considered the gold standard for diagnosing Herpes Simplex Virus when visible lesions are present. It is highly sensitive and specific, capable of detecting even very small amounts of viral genetic material, particularly in the early stages of infection.

This test can distinguish between Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2, providing clinically valuable information that helps guide management, counselling, and follow-up.

When testing with a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 swab is clinically appropriate

This test is recommended when active lesions are present, as it provides the most direct and reliable confirmation of infection. Swab testing is especially valuable during the first few days of a new outbreak, when viral shedding is highest.

Herpes symptoms can vary widely in appearance and severity. Some lesions may resemble cuts, ingrown hairs, or other skin conditions. Molecular testing removes uncertainty by confirming whether Herpes Simplex Virus is present in the affected area.

Testing may be appropriate if you experience:

• Fresh oral or genital blisters, ulcers, or open sores
• Painful or tender lesions around the mouth or genitals
• Tingling or burning sensations followed by sores
• Recurrent outbreaks with unclear diagnosis
• A partner diagnosed with Herpes Simplex Virus
• A need for definitive confirmation of active infection
• Symptoms requiring distinction from other infections

Key advantages of Polymerase Chain Reaction swab testing

• Direct confirmation of active infection
  Detects viral DNA at the site of symptoms.
• Highest diagnostic accuracy available
  Considered the gold standard for herpes diagnosis.
• Effective during early outbreaks
  Highly sensitive when lesions are fresh.
• Distinguishes virus type clearly
  Identifies Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 separately.
• Rapid and reliable laboratory analysis
  Delivers clear, clinically actionable results.
• Removes diagnostic uncertainty
  Confirms infection when symptoms are atypical.
• Supports timely clinical decisions
  Enables appropriate advice, treatment planning, and counselling.
• Simple and targeted sample collection
  Swab taken directly from the affected area.

How the swab test is performed

We offer two UK-wide testing options:

Clinic-based swab testing

• Choose your nearest UK clinic
• A healthcare professional gently swabs the affected area
• The sample is sent for molecular laboratory analysis
• Results are issued once testing is complete

Home or hotel swab collection (+£60)

• A qualified healthcare professional attends your location
• The swab is collected in a private, discreet setting
• No clinic visit required
• Available nationwide across the UK

Both options use the same laboratory standards and testing methodology.

Understanding your Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 swab results

Virus not detected

No Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 or Type 2 genetic material was identified in the swab sample. This suggests no active viral infection at the time of testing.

Laboratory reporting standard:

• Not detected

If symptoms persist or lesions were already healing, repeat testing may be recommended.

Indeterminate result

An indeterminate result means the sample contained insufficient viral material or was affected by sample quality or timing.

Laboratory reporting standard:

• Indeterminate

A repeat swab during an active lesion is usually advised.

Virus detected

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 or Type 2 genetic material was identified, confirming active infection at the swabbed site.

Laboratory reporting standard:

• Detected

Further guidance may be provided based on symptoms, history, and clinical context.